Allergy Treatments

Treatment Options for Allergies

The best way to treat allergies is to avoid the trigger altogether, but that is not always possible. When avoidance is not an option, there are many treatments available to control allergy symptoms — ranging from medications to injections. Allergy treatment can vary depending on the person and the severity of their condition. In some cases, lifestyle changes such as diet adjustments or changing air filters may also be necessary.

Medications Used to Treat Allergies

Allergy medications include antihistamines, nasal sprays, mast cell inhibitors, anti-inflammatory steroids, allergy drops, and pharmacotherapy. Each works differently depending on the type and severity of the allergy.

Antihistamines

Antihistamines are typically the first medication tried for an allergy. They work by reducing or blocking histamines, which stops allergy symptoms. They are available in many forms, including tablets, capsules, liquids, nasal sprays, and eye drops, and can help with seasonal, indoor, and food allergies. Newer antihistamines are designed to target more specific receptors, which reduces drowsiness and the need for frequent doses.

Possible side effects of antihistamines include dry mouth, drowsiness, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, restlessness, difficulty urinating, blurred vision, and confusion. These side effects are more common in older people. An allergist can help determine the right type of antihistamine for each patient.

Allergy Shots (Immunotherapy)

Allergy shots, also known as subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT), are the most commonly used form of immunotherapy. A small dose of the allergen is injected into the arm approximately once a week for about seven months, then reduced to once every two weeks, and eventually once a month. The goal is to help the body adjust to the allergen over time.

Allergy shots show improvement within the first three months of use. Most patients notice significant improvement during their first year, and most take up to three years to become fully desensitized. After five years, most patients no longer experience side effects. Allergy shots are always administered in the allergist's office in case of a severe reaction, and patients are asked to wait 30 minutes after each injection.

Nasal Spray

Nasal sprays are another medication option for controlling allergy symptoms, particularly those affecting the nasal passages and respiratory system.

Pharmacotherapy

Pharmacotherapy refers to the use of medications to manage and control allergy symptoms. An allergist can recommend the appropriate pharmacotherapy plan based on the type and severity of the allergy.